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Application and Examples for 'I'

Thai words and their origins

Moderator: acloudmovingby

Application and Examples for 'I'

Postby gforsi » Tue Feb 02, 2016 5:37 am

I don't know if any other languages has so many different words when referring to oneself than Thai.
Could someone provide an example and explanation of when to use each type of 'I'?
That would be very appreciated.

The following 'I's I know of:
ผม
เรา
ฉัน
ดิฉัน
หนู
กู
ข้า
กระผม
ข้าพเจ้า
กระหม่อม
อาตมา
กัน
ข้าน้อย
ข้าพระพุทธเจ้า
อั๊ว
เขา
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Re: Application and Examples for 'I'

Postby Rick Bradford » Tue Feb 02, 2016 1:07 pm

I can do a few.....

ผม - male, medium formal
เรา - (not sure how you would describe this, but often used by artistes talking about themselves on camera)
ฉัน - female, medium formal
ดิฉัน - female, very formal
หนู - young girl referring to herself
กู - slang, regarded as vulgar
ข้า
กระผม - male, very formal
ข้าพเจ้า - archaic, seen in novels
กระหม่อม
อาตมา
กัน
ข้าน้อย
ข้าพระพุทธเจ้า
อั๊ว - Chinese (Teochew) loan word
เขา
there is also:
ข่อย - Isaan word
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Re: Application and Examples for 'I'

Postby David and Bui » Tue Feb 02, 2016 2:16 pm

From the Royal Institute Dictionary:
Note that each of these words is defined in part by "เป็นสรรพนามบุรุษที่ ๑" (is a first person pronoun)

ข้า . คำใช้แทนตัวผู้พูด พูดกับผู้ที่เสมอกันอย่างเป็นกันเองหรือผู้ใหญ่พูดกับผู้น้อย, เป็นสรรพนามบุรุษที่ ๑.
". . . a first person pronoun which is used with someone at the same level in an informal setting or a senior person speaking to a junior . . ."

ข้าเจ้า (ถิ่นพายัพ) . คำใช้แทนตัวผู้พูด, เป็นสรรพนามบุรุษที่ ๑.
". . . a first person pronoun . . . "

ข้าน้อย (ถิ่นอีสาน) . คำใช้แทนตัวผู้พูด, เป็นสรรพนามบุรุษที่ ๑.
". . . (Northeastern region) first person pronoun . . . "

ข้าพเจ้า [ข้าพะเจ้า] . คำใช้แทนตัวผู้พูด มักใช้อย่างเป็นทางการ, เป็นสรรพนามบุรุษที่ ๑.
". . . a first person pronoun used in formal and official speech . . ."

ข้าพระพุทธเจ้า [ข้าพฺระพุดทะเจ้า] (ราชา) . คำใช้แทนตัวผู้พูด กราบบังคมทูลพระมหากษัตริย์ หรือกราบบังคมทูล กราบทูลเจ้านายชั้นสูง, เป็นสรรพนามบุรุษที่ ๑.
". . . (Royal language) a first person pronoun used by a speaker when addressing the King, or other high ranking member of the aristocracy . . ."

These highly formal terms are never found in common conversation in Thailand today. You will hear them in highly formal settings. You also hear them in television costume drama set in royal courts both in Thailand (Siam) but in China or in the West.

Any thoughts?
David in Houston
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Re: Application and Examples for 'I'

Postby Richard Wordingham » Tue Feb 02, 2016 8:22 pm

David and Bui wrote:in the West.

And that includes the west of Middle Earth (LoTR).
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Re: Application and Examples for 'I'

Postby bifftastic » Tue Feb 02, 2016 10:22 pm

ข้า is used informally up in our village. The very north of Chiang Rai province.
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Re: Application and Examples for 'I'

Postby gforsi » Wed Feb 03, 2016 10:01 am

Thank you.
That already helps a lot.
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Re: Application and Examples for 'I'

Postby Kurozero77 » Sat Feb 06, 2016 5:33 am

ฉัน - usually used by female; male sometimes

ชั้น - informal word comes from ฉัน; always used by female

ดิฉัน - always used by female

อาตมา - for a monk calls himself.
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Re: Application and Examples for 'I'

Postby Gwindor » Wed Mar 09, 2016 12:02 pm

Rick Bradford wrote:กู - slang, regarded as vulgar


It's very very common among "ordinary" people, i.e., poor folks. I get the impression that among Isaan people, กู is used regularly and normally (I could be totally wrong here). "Vulgar" is both very accurate and also laden with a kind of judgement of the speaker that may not really be the case with กู. The impression I get is that there are certain contexts where it would be wrong NOT to use it, and Thai folks are very sensitive to these kinds of distinctions. The boundaries of who will be judged (or included) for using it, or how, are actually very flexible. But I bring my own class awareness to the table when I say these things.
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Re: Application and Examples for 'I'

Postby Tgeezer » Wed Mar 09, 2016 12:53 pm

I have been using Thai for quite a long time and ผม has been enough for me; it works just as well as 'I'. When on the golf course I have found myself saying เรา in ลูกเรา หัวไม้เรา etc. because my caddy and I are a team.
คับที่อยู่ได้คับใจอยู่ยาก
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Re: Application and Examples for 'I'

Postby jariya76 » Sat Apr 16, 2016 12:56 pm

Don't forget all the ways to refer to oneself by one's relationship to the listener. In a single room of people I've had to refer to myself as จริยา (my Thai name), จูลี่ (my English name), พี่ , แม่ , อา, น้า, ยาย, ย่า, and ครู .
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