thai-language.comInternet resource
for the Thai language
Lookup:

» more options here
F.A.Q.Check out the list of frequently asked questions for a quick answer to your inquiry!
•  e-mail the author
•  guestbook
•  control panel
•  site news
•  bulk lookup
Browse
¡¢£¤¥
¦§¨©ª
«¬­®¯
°±²³´
µ·¸¹
º»¼½¾
¿ÀÁÂÃ
ÄÅÇÈÉ
ÊËÌÍÎ
Thanks for your
recent donations!

Roger C. $20
Chao S-T. $10
Barbara B. $10
Shelly V. $25
Jonathan R. $33
Narisa N. $10
Liesbeth VvW. $25
Hanspeter H. $25
Michael Fuchs $50
Lim. S. $5
Linda V. 36¢
John A. $25
Steven S. $10
R.S.T. $5
John Karl L. $150!
Randal S. $10
Blake $40
Pehko M. $20
Dennis F. $10
Anderson K. H. $10
Gavin K. $30
Sirintip M. $10
Anderson H. $10
Get e-mail
Sign-up to join our mailing list. You'll receive email notification when this site is updated. Your privacy is guaranteed; this list is not sold, shared, or used for any other purpose. Click here for more information.

To unsubscribe, click here
WelcomeLessonsDictionaryCategoriesReferenceMessage BoardsLinks and Frequently Asked QuestionsOnline Store

ãËé  haiF
contents of this page
1a.ãËéhaiFto give; to let; to send to; to allow; to convey towards; to pay (attention)
1b.äÁèãËémaiF haiF<subject> doesn't give; <subject> hasn't given
1c.ä´éãËédaiF haiF[past and perfect tenses] <subject> has given; <subject> gave; <subject> did give
1d.ãËéÁÒhaiF maaM[present continuous tense] has been giving
1e.äÁèä´éãËémaiF daiF haiF<subject> didn't give
1f.¨ÐãËéjaL haiF<subject> will give
1g.¨ÐäÁèãËéjaL maiF haiF<subject> won't give
1h.¨Ðä´éãËéjaL daiF haiF<subject> will be able to give
1i.¨ÐäÁèä´éãËéjaL maiF daiF haiF<subject> won't be able to give
1j.µéͧãËédtaawngF haiF<subject> must give
1k.äÁèµéͧãËémaiF dtaawngF haiF<subject> doesn't have to give
1l.¨ÐµéͧãËéjaL dtaawngF haiF<subject> will have to give
1m.¨ÐµéͧäÁèãËéjaL dtaawngF maiF haiF<subject> will have to not give
1n.¨Ðµéͧä´éãËéjaL dtaawngF daiF haiF<subject> will have to be able to give
1o.¨ÐµéͧäÁèä´éãËéjaL dtaawngF maiF daiF haiF<subject> will have to be unable to give
1p.à¤ÂãËékheeuyM haiF<subject> has already given; <subject> has (ever) given
1q.äÁèà¤ÂãËémaiF kheeuyM haiF<subject> has never given
1r.à¾Ôè§ãËépheerngF haiF<subject> has just given
1s.à¾Ô觨ÐãËépheerngF jaL haiF<subject> has just recently given
1t.à¾Ôè§ä´éãËépheerngF daiF haiF<subject> did just give
1u.¡ÓÅѧãËégamM langM haiF<subject> is (in the process of) giving
1v.¡ÓÅѧ¨ÐãËégamM langM jaL haiF<subject> is about to give; <subject> was about to give
1w.ÂѧãËéyangM haiF<subject> still gives
1x.ÂѧäÁèãËéyangM maiF haiF<subject> still hasn't given
1y.ÂѧäÁèä´éãËéyangM maiF daiF haiF<subject> still hasn't been able to give
1z.ÂѧäÁèà¤ÂãËéyangM maiF kheeuyM haiF<subject> still has never given
1aa.ÂѧäÁèµéͧãËéyangM maiF dtaawngF haiF<subject> still doesn't have to give
1bb.¤§ãËékhohngM haiF<subject> probably gives
1cc.¤§äÁèãËékhohngM maiF haiF<subject> probably doesn't give
1dd.¤§ä´éãËékhohngM daiF haiF<subject> has probably given; <subject> probably gave; <subject> probably did give
1ee.¤§¨ÐãËékhohngM jaL haiF<subject> probably will give; <subject> may give; <subject> might give
1ff.¤§¨ÐäÁèãËékhohngM jaL maiF haiF<subject> probably won't give; <subject> may not give; <subject> might not give
1gg.¤§¨Ðä´éãËékhohngM jaL daiF haiF<subject> will probably be able to give
1hh.¤§¨ÐäÁèä´éãËékhohngM jaL maiF daiF haiF<subject> will probably be unable to give; <subject> probably wouldn't have given
1ii.¤§¨Ð¡ÓÅѧãËékhohngM jaL gamM langM haiF<subject> is probably (in the process of) giving
1jj.ÁÑ¡¨ÐãËémakH jaL haiF<subject> will usually give
1kk.ÁÑ¡¨ÐäÁèãËémakH jaL maiF haiF<subject> will usually not give
1ll.ÂèÍÁ¨ÐãËéyaawmF jaL haiF<subject> will surely give
1mm.ÂèÍÁ¨ÐäÁèãËéyaawmF jaL maiF haiF<subject> surely will not give
1nn.¤ÇÃãËékhuaanM haiF<subject> should give
1oo.¤ÇÃäÁèãËékhuaanM maiF haiF<subject> shouldn't give
1pp.¤ÇèÐãËékhuaanM jaL haiF[future tense] <subject> ought to give
1qq.¤ÇèÐäÁèãËékhuaanM jaL maiF haiF[future tense] <subject> ought to not give
1rr.ÍÂÒ¡ãËéyaakL haiF<subject> wants to give
1ss.äÁèÍÂÒ¡ãËémaiF yaakL haiF<subject> doesn't want to give
1tt.µéͧ¡ÒÃãËédtaawngF gaanM haiF<subject> needs to give
1uu.äÁèµéͧ¡ÒÃãËémaiF dtaawngF gaanM haiF<subject> doesn't need to give
1vv.ªÍºãËéchaawpF haiF<subject> likes to give
1ww.äÁèªÍºãËémaiF chaawpF haiF<subject> doesn't like to give
1xx.·ÓãËéãËéthamM haiF haiFto cause to give
1yy.·ÓãËéäÁèãËéthamM haiF maiF haiFto cause to not give
1zz.à¾×èÍãËépheuuaF haiFin order to give
1aaa.¡ÒÃãËégaanM haiF[the activity of] giving
1bbb.·ÕèãËétheeF haiFthat which (someone or something) gives
2.ãËéhaiFfor; towards; in the direction of; into; to
3.ãËéhaiF[auxiliary verb placed after a verb showing result] until; till
4.ãËéhaiF[prefix for an adjective, creating an adverb]
5.·ÓãËéthamM haiF[prefix which creates a verb from an adjective, corresponding to the English suffix (adj.)-en] to cause to be...; to make...; to effect...; to render as...
6.ãËéhaiFto indicate; to demonstrate that...; to urge that...

pronunciation guide
Phonemic ThaiäÎè
IPAhɑ̂j
Royal Thai General Systemhai

similar
sounding
ËÒÂ, äËé
1a. common Thai word   [verb]
definition
to give; to let; to send to; to allow; to convey towards; to pay (attention)

notesOnly 20 words in the Thai language are spelled with äÁéÁéǹ . Click here for the complete list.
categories
examples
¡è͹˹éÒ¹ÕéÁÕàÊÕ§·éǧµÔ§äÁèàËç¹´éÇ¡Ѻ¡ÒÃà»Ô´ãËéŧ»ÃЪÒÁµÔÃèÒ§ÃѰ¸ÃÃÁ¹Ù­
gaawnL naaF neeH meeM siiangR thuaangH dtingM maiF henR duayF gapL gaanM bpeertL haiF lohngM bpraL chaaM maH dtiL raangF ratH thamM maH nuunM
"Prior to this time, a protest was voiced opposing the holding of a referendum on the draft constitution."
¡èÍãËéà¡Ô´ÁžÔÉgaawL haiF geertL mohnM laH phitHpollute
¡ÒÃãªéà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µì ¡ÒÃà¢Õ¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì äÁèµéͧãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µì ¡àÇé¹ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õè¤Ó¹Ñé¹ÁÕàÊÕ§«éӡѺ¤Óä·Â ¨¹·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊѺʹ ÍÒ¨ãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µìä´é àªè¹
gaanM chaiH khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H gaanM khiianR khamM thapH sap[t]L maiF dtaawngF saiL khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H yohkH wehnH naiM gaL raH neeM theeF khamM nanH meeM siiangR samH gapL khamM thaiM johnM thamM haiF geertL khwaamM sapL sohnR aatL saiL khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H daiF chehnF
The use of tone markers: In transcribing from English to Thai, one need not insert tone markers, except in cases in which such transcribed word replicates the sound of an existing Thai word which might create confusion for the reader. In these cases it is appropriate to use a tone marker for example:
¡Ò÷ѺÈѾ·ìãËé¶Í´ÍÑ¡ÉÃã¹ÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁ¾Í¤ÇÃá¡è¡ÒÃáÊ´§·ÕèÁҢͧÃÙ»ÈѾ·ì áÅÐãËéà¢Õ¹ã¹ÃÙ»·ÕèÍèÒ¹ä´éÊдǡã¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â
gaanM thapH sap[t]L haiF thaawtL akL saawnR naiM phaaM saaR deermM phaawM khuaanM gaaeL gaanM saL daaengM theeF maaM khaawngR ruupF sap[t]L laeH haiF khiianR naiM ruupF theeF aanL daiF saL duaakL naiM phaaM saaR thaiM
The original English word should be transcribed in a such a manner as to indicate the original form of the word as well as to allow the word to be written in a manner so that it might be easily read in Thai script.
¡ÒÃÇÒ§µÓá˹觤ӤسÈѾ·ì㹤ӷѺÈѾ·ì ãËé¶×ÍËÅѡࡳ±ì´Ñ§¹Õé
gaanM waangM dtamM naengL khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L naiM khamM thapH sap[t]L haiF theuuR lakL gaehn[t]M dangM neeH
In determining the adjective order for transcribed words, the following rules apply:
à¡éÒÍÕé¢ÒÊÙ§ãËéà´ç¡¹Ñè§
gaoF eeF khaaR suungR haiF dekL nangF
child's highchair
à¡éÒÍÕéãËéà´ç¡·Òá¹Ñè§
gaoF eeF haiF dekL thaaM rohkH nangF
baby seat
á¡éä¢ãËéËÒÂgaaeF khaiR haiF haayRcure
¢Í§ãËékhaawngR haiFgift; present
¢ÍãËékhaawR haiF"Please bring..." — "Please give..."
¢ÍãË館³ÁÕ...khaawR haiF khoonM meeMwish you have...
¢ÍãËéªÓÃÐ˹ÕékhaawR haiF chamM raH neeF[a request for payment] "Please repay (your) debt."
¢Ñ¹ãËéá¹è¹khanR haiF naaenFto tighten
¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒüÙé¾Ô¨ÒóҡÒÃãËéÃÒ§ÇÑÅáÅСÒõѴÊÔ¹
khaH naH gamM maH gaanM phuuF phiH jaaM raH naaM gaanM haiF raangM wanM laeH gaanM dtatL sinR
jury
¤Í¡ãËéà´ç¡¹Í¹àÅè¹khaawkF haiF dekL naawnM lehnFbaby's playpen
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìà¡ÕèÂǡѺª¹ªÒµÔµèÒ§ æ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹ª×èÍ»ÃÐà·È àªè¹
khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L giaaoL gapL chohnM chaatF dtaangL dtaangL haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khamM naamM theeF bpenM cheuuF bpraL thaehtF chehnF
Adjectives which describe specific nationalities should be transcribed following the transcription of the noun which is used for the name of the country, for example:
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺ¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â ËÃ×Íà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì áµèä´éãªéã¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂÁÒ¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·ÂáÅéÇ ãËéÇÒ§¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìäÇéËÅѧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹
khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL khamM naamM theeF bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM reuuR bpenM khamM thapH sap[t]L dtaaeL daiF chaiH naiM phaaM saaR thaiM maaM johnM theuuR bpenM khamM thaiM laaeoH haiF waangM khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L waiH langR khamM naamM chehnF
If an adjective is combined with a native Thai noun or a transcribed word which has a long history of usage and this is treated as a native Thai word, the adjective should be placed behind the noun (as in standard Thai grammar conventions).
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡¤Ó¹ÒÁ «Öè§ÁջѭËÒÇèҨзѺÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁËÃ×ͤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ ãËé¶×ÍËÅѡࡳ±ì´Ñ§¹Õé
khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L theeF maaM jaakL khamM naamM seungF meeM bpanM haaR waaF jaL thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khamM naamM reuuR khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L nanH haiF theuuR lakL gaehn[t]M dangM neeH
For adjectives derived from nouns which present difficulty as to whether they should be transcribed as nouns or adjectives, one should use the following rules:
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡ª×èͺؤ¤Å ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÒÁª×èͧ͢ºØ¤¤Å¹Ñé¹ æ â´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺ ¢Í§ Ẻ Ãкº ÏÅÏ áÅéÇáµè¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ àªè¹
khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L theeF maaM jaakL cheuuF bookL khohnM haiF thapH sap[t]L dtaamM cheuuF khaawngR bookL khohnM nanH nanH dooyM chaiH khamM bpraL gaawpL khaawngR baaepL raH bohpL laaeoH dtaaeL khwaamM maayR chehnF
Adjectives which are derived from person’s names should be transcribed following the transcription of the person’s name (not the adjectival form) through the use of the a connecting words ¢Í§  Ẻ  Ãкº  etc. depending on the particular meaning, for example:
¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â áÅлÃÒ¡¯ã¹¾¨¹Ò¹Ø¡ÃÁ©ºÑºÃÒªºÑ³±ÔµÂʶҹáÅéÇ ãËéãªé µèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ àªè¹ ªçÍ¡â¡àŵ ªçÍ¡â¡áŵ àªÔéµ ¡êÒ« á¡êÊ
khamM thapH sap[t]L theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM johnM theuuR bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM laeH bpraaM gohtL naiM phohtH jaL naaM nooH grohmM chaL bapL raatF chaH banM thitH dtaL yaH saL thaanR laaeoH haiF chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermM chehnF chawkH gohM laehtF chawkH gohM laaetF cheertH gaasH gaaetH
Some transcribed words have been used (by Thais) for so long that they are considered Thai words and are already included in the Royal Institute Dictionary of the Thai Language. These transcribed forms should continue to be utilized. Such words include the Thai words for “chocolate,” “shirt,” and “gas.”
¤Ó·ÕèµÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒÍÍ¡àÊÕ§à»ç¹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ðµé¹¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµÑǵèÍä»´éÇ ãËé¶×ÍËÅѡࡳ±ì´Ñ§¹Õé
khamM theeF dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF aawkL siiangR bpenM phaH yanM chaH naH dtohnF khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtuaaM dtaawL bpaiM duayF haiF theuuR lakL gaehn[t]M dangM neeH
In a word in which the final consonant of a syllable also serves to sound out of the subsequent syllable, the following rules apply:
¤Ó»ÃÐÊÁ«Öè§ã¹ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉà¢Õ¹á¡¡Ñ¹ àÁ×èͷѺÈѾ·ìãËéà¢Õ¹µÔ´¡Ñ¹ä» äÁèµéͧᡤӵÒÁÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁ àªè¹
khamM bpraL sohmR seungF naiM phaaM saaR angM gritL khiianR yaaekF ganM meuuaF thapH sap[t]L haiF khiianR dtitL ganM bpaiM maiF dtaawngF yaaekF khamM dtaamM phaaM saaR deermM chehnF
Compound words which in English are written as separate words should be transcribed as a single word which need not be separated by a space, for example:
¤Ó»ÃÐÊÁ·ÕèÁÕà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÂѵÔÀѧ¤ì ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìâ´Âà¢Õ¹µÔ´µèÍ¡Ñ¹ä» àªè¹
khamM bpraL sohmR theeF meeM khreuuangF maayR yatH dtiL phangM haiF thapH sap[t]L dooyM khiianR dtitL dtaawL ganM bpaiM chehnF
One should transcribe hyphenated words as one continuous word, for example:
¤ÓËÃ×;ÂÒ§¤ì·ÕèµÑÇÊС´ÁÕ¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÒÁÁÒËÅÒµÑÇ ãËéãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦Òµ äÇ麹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð·ÕèäÁèÍÍ¡àÊÕ§µÑÇÊØ´·éÒÂáµèà¾Õ§áËè§à´ÕÂÇ àªè¹
khamM reuuR phaH yaang[k]M theeF dtuaaM saL gohtL meeM phaH yanM chaH naH dtaamM maaM laayR dtuaaM haiF saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH bohnM phaH yanM chaH naH theeF maiF aawkL siiangR dtuaaM sootL thaayH dtaaeL phiiangM haengL diaaoM chehnF
In a word or syllable which has several final consonants, one should use a silencer only on the very last consonant which is not sounded out, for example:
¤ÓËÃ×;ÂÒ§¤ì·ÕèÁÕ¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐäÁèÍÍ¡àÊÕ§ÍÂÙè˹éÒµÑÇÊС´ ·ÕèÂѧÁÕ¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÒÁËÅѧÁÒÍÕ¡ ãËéµÑ´¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð·ÕèÍÂÙè˹éÒµÑÇÊС´ÍÍ¡ áÅÐãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦ÒµäÇ麹¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊØ´·éÒ àªè¹
khamM reuuR phaH yaang[k]M theeF meeM phaH yanM chaH naH maiF aawkL siiangR yuuL naaF dtuaaM saL gohtL theeF yangM meeM phaH yanM chaH naH dtaamM langR maaM eekL haiF dtatL phaH yanM chaH naH theeF yuuL naaF dtuaaM saL gohtL aawkL laeH saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH bohnM phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM sootL thaayH chehnF
In a word or syllable which has consonants which are not pronounced, which are placed before the final consonant, and where there are consonants following, such non-pronounced consonants should be cut out and a silencer inserted over the final, non-pronounced consonant. For example:
¤ÓãËé¡ÒÃkhamM haiF gaanMtestimony; statement; answer; plea
¤×¹ãËékheuunM haiFgive back
à¤Ã×èͧ»Ñè¹¼éÒãËéáËé§
khreuuangF bpanL phaaF haiF haaengF
spin dryer
à¤Ã×èͧ»Ñè¹ãËéáËé§khreuuangF bpanL haiF haaengFdryer
à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂãËé·Ò§khreuuangF maayR haiF thaangMyield sign
à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂãËéËÂØ´Ã¶ khreuuangF maayR haiF yootL rohtHstop sign
¨Ñ´ËÒãËéjatL haaR haiFsupply
ªÒǺéÒ¹·ÕèäÁèÂÍÁ¢Ò·Õè´Ô¹ãËé¼ÙéÁÕÍÔ·¸Ô¾Å ÃÐÇѧ¨Ðâ´¹ä¢éâ»é§
chaaoM baanF theeF maiF yaawmM khaayR theeF dinM haiF phuuF meeM itL thiH phohnM raH wangM jaL dohnM khaiF bpohngF
Villagers who refuse to sell their land to influential persons should be concerned about becoming a shooting victim.
ªÓÃШԵÇÔ­­Ò³ãËéºÃÔÊØ·¸Ôì
chamM raH jitL winM yaanM haiF bawL riH sootL
to circumcise [or, specifically] to purify spiritually
ªÕéâ¾Ã§ãËé¡ÃÐÃÍ¡cheeH phrohngM haiF graL raawkFTo invite the fox into the hen house
ªÕéãËéàËç¹cheeH haiF henRto indicate; point out; show
àªç´ãËéáËé§chetH haiF haaengFwipe dry
´×èÁãËé¾ÃdeuumL haiF phaawnMto drink (to [for example] someone's health)
áµè¶éÒà»ç¹ÈѾ·ì·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃËÃ×ÍÇÔÊÒÁҹ¹ÒÁãËéà¡çºäÇé·Ñé§ ò µÑÇ â´ÂãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦ÒµäÇé·ÕèµÑÇ·éÒ àªè¹
dtaaeL thaaF bpenM sap[t]L thaangM wiH chaaM gaanM reuuR wiH saaR maanM yaH naamM haiF gepL waiH thangH saawngR dtuaaM dooyM saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH theeF dtuaaM thaayH chehnF
However, if such word is a technical term or is a proper noun, the double letters are retained and a silencer is placed over the second letter, for example:
¶éҤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇèÒ "à¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñº" ËÃ×Í "à¡ÕèÂÇà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡" ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁâ´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺ àªÔ§ Ẻ ÍÂèÒ§ ·Ò§ ª¹Ô´ Ãкº ÏÅÏ áÅéÇáµè¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ àªè¹
thaaF khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L nanH meeM khwaamM maayR waaF giaaoL khaawngF gapL reuuR giaaoL neuuangF jaakL khamM naamM nanH haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khamM naamM dooyM chaiH khamM bpraL gaawpL cheerngM baaepL yaangL thaangM chaH nitH raH bohpL laaeoH dtaaeL khwaamM maayR chehnF
If the adjective has the meaning of "concerning, involving" or "connected, related to" the noun should be transcribed in the noun form using a compound word (a combined Thai and English word) and the Thai connectors, àªÔ§  Ẻ  ÍÂèÒ§  ·Ò§  ª¹Ô´  Ãкº  and the like, depending on the particular meaning, for example:
¶éҤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂàËÁ×͹¤Ó¹ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇèÒ "à»ç¹¢Í§" ËÃ×Í "à»ç¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§" ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹
thaaF khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L nanH meeM khwaamM maayR meuuanR khamM naamM reuuR maayR khwaamM waaF bpenM khaawngR reuuR bpenM reuuangF khaawngR khamM naamM nanH haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khamM naamM chehnF
If the adjective has the same meaning as the associated noun, or carries the meaning of “is an element of” or “is about” the noun, the adjective should be transcribed in the same form as the noun, for example:
¶éÒ·Ñ駤ӤسÈѾ·ìáÅФӹÒÁà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·ÕèÂѧäÁè¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·Â ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÃ§µÒÁÈѾ·ìà´ÔÁ àªè¹
thaaF thangH khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L laeH khamM naamM bpenM khamM thapH sap[t]L theeF yangM maiF theuuR bpenM khamM thaiM haiF thapH sap[t]L dtrohngM dtaamM sap[t]L deermM chehnF
If both the adjective and the related noun are transcribed words neither of which are considered Thai words, they should be transcribed in the order of the original English words, for example:
¶éÒà»ç¹¤Ó·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàµÔÁ»Ñ¨¨Ñ àªè¹ -er, -ing, -ic, or –y áÅСÒ÷ѺÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡Äɴѧ¢éÍ ÷.ò ÍÒ¨·ÓãËéÍÍ¡àÊÕ§¼Ô´ä»¨Ò¡ÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁÁÒ¡ ãËé«é͹¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµé¹Íա˹Öè§à¾×èÍãËéàËç¹à¤éÒ¤Óà´ÔÁ àªè¹
thaaF bpenM khamM theeF geertL jaakL gaanM dteermM bpatL jaiM chehnF -er, -ing, -ic, or –y laeH gaanM thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dangM khaawF aatL thamM haiF aawkL siiangR phitL bpaiM jaakL phaaM saaR deermM maakF haiF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtohnF eekL neungL pheuuaF haiF henR khaaoH khamM deermM chehnF
If the word is one which arises from the use of a suffix such as -er, -ing, -ic, or –y and the use of rule 7.2 above results in a sound significantly at variance with the original English word, one should double the final consonant in order to be able to recognize the source of the original word, for example:
¶éÒ¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹ÍÂÙè¡ÅÒ§ÈѾ·ìãËé¶×ÍÇèÒ ¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹µÑÇááà»ç¹µÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒ áÅоÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹µÑÇËÅѧà»ç¹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ðµé¹¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµèÍä» ©Ð¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃãªé¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊС´áÅоÂÑ­ª¹Ðµé¹ ¨ÐµèÒ§¡Ñ¹µÒÁËÅѡࡳ±ì¡ÒÃà·Õº¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ðã¹µÒÃÒ§¢éÒ§·éÒ àªè¹
thaaF phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH yuuL glaangM sap[t]L haiF theuuR waaF phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH dtuaaM raaekF bpenM dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF laeH phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH dtuaaM langR bpenM phaH yanM chaH naH dtohnF khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtaawL bpaiM chaL nanH gaanM chaiH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL laeH phaH yanM chaH naH dtohnF jaL dtaangL ganM dtaamM lakL gaehn[t]M gaanM thiiapF phaH yanM chaH naH naiM dtaaM raangM khaangF thaayH chehnF
If the double letters occur in the middle of the word, the rules are: the first letter of the double is the last consonant of the prior syllable and the second consonant is the initial of the next syllable. Therefore, the expression of the first and second letters of the double will differ according to the rules set forth in the Consonant Table, for example:
¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹ÊÃÐÍ×è¹·ÕèäÁèãªèÊÃÐÍÐ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉâ´ÂäÁèµéͧ«é͹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð àªè¹
thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM saL raL euunL theeF maiF chaiF saL raL aL haiF thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dooyM maiF dtaawngF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH chehnF
If the vowel associated with the first syllable is any vowel other than /-a-/, the consonant should be transcribed using the English consonant itself without doubling up the consonant, for example: